Landscape-Scale Drivers of Resistance and Resilience to Bark Beetles: A Conceptual Susceptibility Model
نویسندگان
چکیده
Bark beetle (Dendroctonus spp.) outbreaks in the middle latitudes of western North America cause large amounts tree mortality, outstripping wildfire by an order magnitude. While temperatures play important, and direct role population dynamics ectothermic bark beetles, equally important influence is nature host substrate—the structure composition forested communities. For many dominant species United States, “hazard” indices have been developed for specific which generally include three key variables—host size, absolute or relative density stand, percentage composition. We provide a conceptual model to apply these variables across forest ecosystems beetles that shifts thinking from species–specific focuses on underlying ecological factors related outbreak susceptibility. explored use our multiple scales using Forest Inventory Analysis database: Interior West, USA; states Colorado Arizona; national forests within Arizona are implementing large-scale restoration effort. demonstrated West Colorado, vast majority moderate high susceptibility beetles. Our maintains simplicity previous models but acknowledges need consider scale when managing It also management approach resistance development “associational resilience”, where focus not any one individual stand area longer-term perspective persistence landscape.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Forests
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1999-4907']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060798